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= '''CAD TRAINING''' =
== '''What is CAD''' ==
CAD stands for "Computer Aided Design" and it is an '''essential''' part of the design and manufacture of nearly all mechanical parts. On our team, we use ''Autodesk Inventor'', it can be downloaded for free under a student license on any number of computers. We use CAD for design, fabrication, and reference; all three of these pillars are used to make our team's design process go more smoothly and integrated.
== '''Learning CAD''' ==
Autodesk makes many different types of software, many of them do similar things but for different purposes, fr instance AutoCAD is a powerful, industry-standard, program for architectural design (as well as other things). In Robotics, we primary use their uber-useful Autodesk Inventor software for 3D modeling and drawings. There are thousands of features of the program, and many of which you will only use once or less, but understanding the basics of the program give you the knowledge to learn the software on your own when you need to. To open Autodesk Inventor (referred to as just "Inventor from this point forward) on a school computer is simple:
Step 1. Navigate to "Start" Button
Step 2. Click "All Programs"
Step 3. Navigate to the "Autodesk" folder (towards the top)
Step 4. Open corresponding folder, and launch "Autodesk Inventor Professional 2016"
The next step, is of course, using the program to make things. We have a great video tutorial set which brings you through creating a new project all the way to some of the more advanced 3D modeling commands. Watch the following videos, and if you have any questions, need help, or are stuck, just ask the instructor.
PDF: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxHoQac6LA7_OExKcFg5bVpySWs/view
Video 1: Beginner Skills, Basic 2D and 3D design manipulation
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RATx6wkMtAc]
Video 2: More advanced skills, Revolutions, Cool Rendering
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrihsPoFa0o]
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Time-stamps (video 1):
1:00 - Creating a .ipt
1:45 - Setting up your document
3:05 - Navigating panels
4:45 - Starting a sketch
6:30 - Sketching basics
8:50 - Extrusion and making of a 3D part
10:00 - Navigating the 3D space
12:00 - Making a sketch on a face, more sketch tools, dimension a sketch component
18:00 - Subtractive Extrusion
19:45 - 3D Contouring (Filet, Chamfer, Shell, etc)
23:50 - Stylizing and Rendering (Optional)
31:30 - Exercise 2 (reference the pdf)
34:00 - Exercise 3 (reference pdf) (Skills: 2D Sketch, Construction Lines, Mirror, Extrusion, Contouring)
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If you are so inclined, the rest of the videos in his series are definitely useful for getting more acquainted and comfortable with the program.
Here are some other great videos to watch, each teaching another individual skill. Watch them closely to understand what each command/function is doing and how it affects the model:
'''Assembly''':(reference the pdf, page 47)(download the part files: [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BxHoQac6LA7_aEhwMUp2NldLTFE/edit], put them in a folder in your computer, label it something like "Robotics" or "CAD Training".)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0azq-Qh890
'''Dimensioned Drawing''':(download the part file: [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BxHoQac6LA7_Y3BtVjBhRjVTZTg/edit], put it into a folder that you can easily access)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ0_C9r4pMQ
== '''Retrieving Online Files''' ==
When you're modeling in Inventor (or any program), somethings will repeatedly come up. For some examples: 1/4"/20 bolts, Phillips head screws, 1/4"/20 nuts, CIM motor, miniCIM motor, all of these things one could spend the time measuring out and making into their own file for assembly, but you don't have too! Other people, especially manufacturers, make models for their products so that anyone can use them in CAD drawings. At robotics, we use sellers such as [http://www.andymark.com/],[https://www.mcmaster.com/#], and [https://www.vexrobotics.com/vexpro]. These sites provide us with most of our hardware needs.
To access their files is simple, navigate to the product you would like to import into your document (in this example, an 8" pneumatic(air filled) wheel). Right-Click the .stp (a.k.a. "step file") and save it to your Inventor directory. The .stp file is a universal CAD format which allows simple, no constraint, transfer of CAD models. Importing this .stp will allow you to use it anywhere in your model just as a regular .ipt (you can even save it as one later in Inventor if you so please). To open it in Inventor, go to "Open" and navigate to where you saved the .stp and then in file format, find the ".stp" option, you shouldl then be able to select and open the .stp. This process works with ALL step files as they are standardized.
[[Image(http://i68.tinypic.com/sq34es.png),30%,left,margin=20)]] [[Image(http://i67.tinypic.com/x36l4.png)]]
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== '''Measurement and Calipers''' ==
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CAD is often used as a way of portraying real life objects digitally, so one may produce them again. We use traditional measuring instruments (rulers, tape measures) as well as precision instruments, the main one being '''the caliper'''. Calipers allow you to measure the inside and outside dimensions of an object with as much as 1/1000 of an inch accuracy! The caliper is relatively easy to use, and after reading this short article[http://www.chicagobrand.com/help/dialcaliper.html] you should have it about down! Try it on your phone, or a key on our keyboard, or measure the diameter of a pencil to try it out. (Remember: start at 0, use the big wheel to move it to size, read the leg of the caliper, and then the dial, and add).
We use (almost) exclusively the imperial system, so all things can be kept in inches (Luckily, this is Inventor's default unit, but if need be, one can change it in the Preferences tab)
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== '''Final Project''' ==
To really test your new CAD skills, we will have you do a final project. For this project, you can make use of our school's 3D printer, or CNC machine. Bring in something you would like to 3D print, use your caliper to measure every dimension, and use what you know about CAD to model it in Inventor. Some recommended items: a Wii Remote, an R2D2 action figure, a phone, a box for a deck of cards, anything you can thing of that is small, and can be dimensioned. You will have to use skills such as: 2D sketches, Extrusion, Contouring, Mirror, Revolve, Assembly, and Assembly constraints.
To finish your project, you may print it out on the school's 3D printer or mill it in the CNC. And finally, make a fully dimensioned drawing of your object.
== '''CAD Drawing Guidelines''' ==
PLTW General Guidelines for Dimensioning:
1. Dimensions should NOT be duplicated, or the same information be given in two different ways.
2. No unnecessary dimensions should be used - only those needed to produce or inspect the part.
3. Dimensions should be placed at finished surfaces or important center lines.
4. Dimensions should be placed so that it is not necessary for the observer to calculate, scale, or assume any measurement.
5. Dimensions should be attached to the view that best shows the shape of the feature to be dimensioned.
6. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines wherever possible.
7. Dimensions should not be placed on the object unless that is the only clear option.
8. Overall dimensions should be placed the greatest distance away from the object so that the intermediate dimension can nest closer to the object to avoid crossing extension lines.
9. A dimension should be attached to only one view (i.e., extension lines should not connect two views).
10. Never cross dimension lines.
11. Never cross extension lines.
12. A center line may be extended and used as an extension line.
13. Leaders should slope at a 30, 45 or 60 degree angle.
14. Dimension numbers should be centered between arrowheads, except when using stacked dimensions then the numbers should be staggered.
15. In general, a circle is dimensioned by its diameter, an arc by its radius.
16. Holes should be located by their center lines.
17. Holes should be located in the view that shows the feature as a circle.
18. Extension lines start approximately 1/16" from the object and extend 1/8" past the last dimension.
19. The first dimension is approximately. 1⁄2" from the object and spaced uniformly approximately. 3/8" apart.
10. Always dimension the actual size of the object - not the scaled size.
Space RAIDers Guidelines:
1. Add the name and material type of the mechanism in the respective boxes
2. Always have another member check your drawing before using it
3. Fill out the approval box with another member
4. If used directly on materials in fabrication, create 1:1 ratio drawings