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Lesson2

Timestamp:: Sep 27, 2015, 11:51:21 PM (10 years ago)
Author:: David Albert
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ControlSystems/Electrical/Training/Arduino/Lesson2

-                      v14
+                      v15
    * [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-electricity What is electricity]
    * The [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/watcir.html water analogy]
    * Volts jolt, mils kill - what **not** to do with electricity [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp97GjuULX8 here] (DON'T DO THIS!)
+   * Volts jolt, mils kill - see what **not** to do with electricity [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp97GjuULX8 here] (DON'T DO THIS!)
    * Units of measure:
        * Volts - the pressure behind the electrons (potential energy)
 …
        * FIRST bots use sealed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery lead-acid] batteries (1800s technology!)
        * Mini-bots use primary alkaline batteries (developed 1899-1901)
        * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tpb-n22Y-sY why we are not using lithium batteries]
        * So why do I have one in my pants pocket? answer: [http://www.allaboutbatteries.com/Battery-Energy.html Wh/kg]
+       * See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tpb-n22Y-sY why we are not using lithium batteries]
+       * I have one of those in my pocket???? Yes, for the same reason they are used in quad-copters and other applications where weight really matters: [http://www.allaboutbatteries.com/Battery-Energy.html Wh/kg]
    * Voltage:
        * Nominal voltage (alkaline=1v5/cell, SLA=2v15/cell)
 …
        * [http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/BatteryIR.pdf Internal resistance]
        * What are [http://www.optimabatteries.com/en-us/experience/power-source/what-does-cold-cranking-amps-cca-mean/ Cold Cranking Amps] anyway?
+       * Why it matters: motors draw a **lot** of current.
    * Capacity:
+ [[Image(http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v648/Sm00th0perator/Year%20Of%20The%20Rabbit/4bbdbccc.gif, align=left)]]
        * Amp-hours (or milli-Amp-hours)
        * [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/the_battery_and_the_digital_load discharge rate matters!]
        * [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/will_secondary_batteries_replace_primaries ratings games])
+       * [http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/will_secondary_batteries_replace_primaries The ratings game]
    * [http://web.mit.edu/evt/summary_battery_specifications.pdf specifications cheat sheet]
    * Energy density (SLA -> Lithium)
    * Self discharge (shelf life)
    * [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-multimeter-retired-tagged-by-internet-as-malware Using a multimeter] to measure voltage and current
 * !Conductors/[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-a-circuit Circuits]
+   * **EXERCISE**: [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-multimeter-retired-tagged-by-internet-as-malware Use a multimeter] to measure voltage and current
+* Conductors/[https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-a-circuit Circuits]
    * What is a conductor
    * Using a multimeter to measure continuity
+   * **EXERCISE**: Use a multimeter to measure continuity
 * What is a resistor
    * Units of measure: Ohms
+   * Using a multimeter to measure resistance
+   * The [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/electrical-resistor-colour-code-value-tolerance-d_1655.html resistor color code]
+   * Series and parallel resistance
+   * The [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/electrical-resistor-colour-code-value-tolerance-d_1655.html resistor color code] [http://physics.ucsd.edu/neurophysics/courses/physics_120/resistorcharts.pdf chart]
+   * How current, voltage, and resistance relate: [http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/dcp_2.html Ohms Law]
+   * Applications:
+       * limiting current ([https://www.sparkfun.com/tutorials/219 how do I stop my LED from burning up])
+       * voltage divider ([https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-dividers how can I (safely) connect the 5v control signal from my Arduino to my 3v3 sensor])
+       * current sensing ([http://www.scienceshareware.com/bg-current-monitoring.htm how can I stop my motor from burning up]) [http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1279404 more advanced tutorial] [http://www.romanblack.com/current.htm circuit]
+   * [http://www.learnabout-electronics.org/Resistors/resistors_20.php Series and parallel resistance] [http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_5.html another tutorial] [http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/eLessonsHtml/Resist/Resist2.html exercises]
+   * **EXERCISE**: Use a multimeter to measure resistance
    * Power dissipation (or why you don't want to be a fuse)
+* How electrical power and resistance are related: [http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/dcp_2.html Ohms law]
+   * How to use a resistor to limit current (e.g. series resistor for LED or pull-up/down for an input)
+   * How to use a resistor to measure current and power (e.g. to monitor how hard a motor is working)
+* What is a diode
+* What is a [http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-3/introduction-to-diodes-and-rectifiers/ diode]
    * anode, cathode: controlling the direction of current flow
+   * Special diodes: light emitting diodes
+   * Diode lasers
+   * [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/light-emitting-diodes-leds light emitting diodes] aka LEDs
+   * Applications include indicators, [http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-IR-proximity-sensor-with-Arduino/ proximity sensing] [http://bildr.org/2011/03/various-proximity-sensors-arduino/ tutorial]
+   * [http://www.robotshop.com/blog/en/lidar-lite-laser-rangefinder-simple-arduino-sketch-of-a-180-degree-radar-15284 LIDAR distance sensing]
 == Experiments ==
 Your kit includes a variety of electronic components that you can experiment with including connecting them to your Arduino computer.  The kit also includes a solderless breadboard that lets you build electronic circuits quickly and easily without having to use a soldering iron.  Please read the tutorial on how to [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-breadboard use a breadboard and jumper wires to make circuits]
 Your kit also includes an Arduino protoshield: a circuit board with pass-through connectors that you can stack onto your Arduino computer to use it to power and control your electrical circuits.  Please read the [https://learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/adafruit-proto-shield-arduino.pdf protoshield tutorial] on how to use your protoshield and solderless breadboard to connect sensors and actuators to your Arduino computer.
+Your kit also includes an Arduino protoshield: a circuit board with pass-through connectors that you can stack onto your Arduino computer to power and control your electrical circuits.  Please read the [https://learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/adafruit-proto-shield-arduino.pdf protoshield tutorial] on how to use your protoshield and solderless breadboard to connect sensors and actuators to your Arduino computer.
 * Connect jumper wires to +5v and Gnd connections and measure the voltage with your multimeter